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Newar people      (सतिस भट्टराई)

Newar are the people native to Kathmandu valley. Their native language is "Nepal Bhasha" aka "Newari". However being the national language of Nepal "Nepali Language" is also spoken by almost all Newar people sometime as a second language and sometime even as the first language. Most of Newar people believe in Hinduism and according to Hindu systems they are categorized into different caste and clans.

Newar population in Nepal is almost 1.3 million which accounts almost 5.5% of total population of Nepal. But despite of having small population, Newar people have great impact in Nepali society.

Newar Vs Maithili/Madheshi
In 1097 AD King Nanya Dev of Karnat dynasty established his kingdom in Mithila region (Tirahut). The center of the kingdom was Simraungadh (सिम्रौनगढ) which is now located in Bara district, South Central Nepal. 1324 AD. When the last king Harisingh Dev was defeated by Delhi Sultan Gayasudin Tuglak (ग़ियास सुद्दीन तुग़लुक़), he escaped from Simraungarh to Kathmandu valley with the statue of Taleju Bhawani. Temples of Taleju Bhawani in Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts are believed to be linked with Mithila Kingdom. Many maithili brahmins also migrated to Kathmandu valley during that period and afterwards. During centuries of their residence in Kathmandu they mixed up with the native people of the valley. Today newar brahmin caste Jha, Mishra and Bhatta are believed to be originated from Maithila.

List of Newar caste and surnames:-

Caste	Traditional occupation	surnames
Deo Brahman	Hindu priests	Rajopadhyaya
Maithil Brahmin	Hindu priests	Jha, Mishra, Bhatta
Shrestha (Chhathariya)	Royal family, nobles and courtiers	Joshi, Malla, Pradhananga, Pradhan, Rajbhandari, Amatya, Vaidya, Maskey, Kayastha, Rajvanshi, Patrabansh, Mathema, Lakhey,Hada, Karmacharya, Guruvacharya
Shrestha (Panchthariya)	Administrators, traders and merchants	Shrestha, Mulmi, Madhikarmi (Halwai), Bhaju, Kakchapati, Nyachhyon, Nagarkoti, Sivacharya, Mulmi, Madhikarmi (Halwai), Bhaju, Kakchapati, Nyachhyon, Nagarkoti, Sivacharya, etc.
Gubhaju	Buddhist priests	Vajracharya, and Bare - Shakya, Bhikshu, Gurju
Uray, Udaas	Traders and merchants, Craftsmen	Tuladhar, Bania, Sikarmi (Sthapit), Awa, Tamrakar, Kansakar, Sikhrakar, Sindurakar, Rajkarnikar, Halwai, SIlakar
Jyapu	Farmers	Maharjan, Dangol, Singh, Suwal, Desar, Rajbahak, Kumhal, Prajapati, Kumah, Awale, Awal, Shilpakar, Ka:mi, Pahari
Sayami	Oilpressers	Manandhar, Sayami
Khusa	Palanquin bearers	Tandukar
Nau	Barbers	Napit
Kau	Blacksmiths	Naka:mi
Bha	Funeral duties	Karanjit, Bha
Gathu	Gardeners	Bammala, Mali, Malakar
Tepe	Cultivators	Byanjankara, Tepe
Pun	Painters	Chitrakar
Duhim	Carriers	Putwar, Dali
Balami	Fieldworkers	Balami
Pulu	Funeral torch bearers	Pulu
Cipa	Dyers	Ranjitkar, Ranjit
Jugi	Musicians and tailors	Darshandhari, Kusle, Kapali
Naye	Butchers and musicians	Khadgi, Shahi
Kulu	Drum-makers and cobblers	Kulu
Pode	Fishermen, sweepers	Pode, Deola, Pujari, Nepali
Chami	Sweepers	Chyame, Chamkhalak
Halahulu	Sweepers	Halahulu

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