गोत्र को बारेमा जानकारी -

                              

Newar people      (सतिस भट्टराई)

Newar are the people native to Kathmandu valley. Their native language is "Nepal Bhasha" aka "Newari". However being the national language of Nepal "Nepali Language" is also spoken by almost all Newar people sometime as a second language and sometime even as the first language. Most of Newar people believe in Hinduism and according to Hindu systems they are categorized into different caste and clans.

Newar population in Nepal is almost 1.3 million which accounts almost 5.5% of total population of Nepal. But despite of having small population, Newar people have great impact in Nepali society.

Newar Vs Maithili/Madheshi
In 1097 AD King Nanya Dev of Karnat dynasty established his kingdom in Mithila region (Tirahut). The center of the kingdom was Simraungadh (सिम्रौनगढ) which is now located in Bara district, South Central Nepal. 1324 AD. When the last king Harisingh Dev was defeated by Delhi Sultan Gayasudin Tuglak (ग़ियास सुद्दीन तुग़लुक़), he escaped from Simraungarh to Kathmandu valley with the statue of Taleju Bhawani. Temples of Taleju Bhawani in Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts are believed to be linked with Mithila Kingdom. Many maithili brahmins also migrated to Kathmandu valley during that period and afterwards. During centuries of their residence in Kathmandu they mixed up with the native people of the valley. Today newar brahmin caste Jha, Mishra and Bhatta are believed to be originated from Maithila.

List of Newar caste and surnames:-

Caste	Traditional occupation	surnames
Deo Brahman	Hindu priests	Rajopadhyaya
Maithil Brahmin	Hindu priests	Jha, Mishra, Bhatta
Shrestha (Chhathariya)	Royal family, nobles and courtiers	Joshi, Malla, Pradhananga, Pradhan, Rajbhandari, Amatya, Vaidya, Maskey, Kayastha, Rajvanshi, Patrabansh, Mathema, Lakhey,Hada, Karmacharya, Guruvacharya
Shrestha (Panchthariya)	Administrators, traders and merchants	Shrestha, Mulmi, Madhikarmi (Halwai), Bhaju, Kakchapati, Nyachhyon, Nagarkoti, Sivacharya, Mulmi, Madhikarmi (Halwai), Bhaju, Kakchapati, Nyachhyon, Nagarkoti, Sivacharya, etc.
Gubhaju	Buddhist priests	Vajracharya, and Bare - Shakya, Bhikshu, Gurju
Uray, Udaas	Traders and merchants, Craftsmen	Tuladhar, Bania, Sikarmi (Sthapit), Awa, Tamrakar, Kansakar, Sikhrakar, Sindurakar, Rajkarnikar, Halwai, SIlakar
Jyapu	Farmers	Maharjan, Dangol, Singh, Suwal, Desar, Rajbahak, Kumhal, Prajapati, Kumah, Awale, Awal, Shilpakar, Ka:mi, Pahari
Sayami	Oilpressers	Manandhar, Sayami
Khusa	Palanquin bearers	Tandukar
Nau	Barbers	Napit
Kau	Blacksmiths	Naka:mi
Bha	Funeral duties	Karanjit, Bha
Gathu	Gardeners	Bammala, Mali, Malakar
Tepe	Cultivators	Byanjankara, Tepe
Pun	Painters	Chitrakar
Duhim	Carriers	Putwar, Dali
Balami	Fieldworkers	Balami
Pulu	Funeral torch bearers	Pulu
Cipa	Dyers	Ranjitkar, Ranjit
Jugi	Musicians and tailors	Darshandhari, Kusle, Kapali
Naye	Butchers and musicians	Khadgi, Shahi
Kulu	Drum-makers and cobblers	Kulu
Pode	Fishermen, sweepers	Pode, Deola, Pujari, Nepali
Chami	Sweepers	Chyame, Chamkhalak
Halahulu	Sweepers	Halahulu

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(गोत्र को बारेमा जानकारी )

                                            

1. What gotra does westerners belong ?          (सतिस भट्टराई)

Gotra system is popular in Hindu community. Over 85% of worlds population do not believe in Hinduism. According to Hindu belief the world is created by Bramha and all people of earth belong to the clan of any one of the mind born sons of Bramha leading the gotra. Then what gotra does other people belong ?

There are some factual solutions for this. Vishnu is all-pervading spirit of the Universe and rests in the heart of all beings. Vishnu belongs to all Gotras. So we can refer anybody who don't know gotra can be refered to "Vishnu gotra".

There is another view too. Maharishi Kashyap is considered the father of the Devs, Asurs, Nags, and all of human beings. So, since he’s the father of all people, if somebody don't know their gotra they can use "Kashyap gotra" as well.

2. When a girl get divorced, what gotra she belong ?

When a girl born she belong to father's gotra. When she gets married she is ritually transferred to husband's gotra. But when the girl gets divorced they usually divorce on social or legal term. There is no any hindu ritual special for divorce. So which gotra the girl belong after divorce, husband's gotra or father's gotra.

The solution is, though divorce is not done on ritual term, after the divorce the girl has no any right and obligation to husband. She even don't wear Sindoor or Pote or Mangalsutra which is the sign of having husband in Hindu culture. She don't use the surname of husband. So the girl goes back to her father's gotra after divorce.

3. Why some people are considered untouchable ?

All of people in this earth belong to one of the rishis. All of these rishis had equal status in terms of social acceptance. If all of the people in earth have same ancestor of same status then why some of the race are considered untouchable ?

Jatipratha or racism is the drawback of hindu society. It was actually created by some of the creepy minded people to keep their dominance on the society. Innocent people followed those rules and it developed as tradition. We should stop these bad stuffs of hindu culture. Everybody is equal in the eyes of god.

4. Is it ok to merry the person from same gotra?

This is one of the prime debate in Hindu community. Almost all communities and religions its unacceptable to merry your own family members or somebody your related by blood. Same gotra technically means people having same ancestors. So the answer absolutely depends on how you define gotra and family.

On legal term in Nepal its ok to merry any body who does not belong to your family up to 7 generations AND who is at least 18 years old. So if anybody qualifies on these two basic requirements you can merry them even if you belong to same gotra.

One the other hand, on social perception it will still be considered unethical.

As per scientific perception, if the gotra is perfectly identified and people belong to the exact same gotra what they claim for, the babies born from the pair of different gotra has more chance to be healthier than that of same gotra.

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गोत्र को बारेमा जानकारी --

                      

Dalit in Nepal         (सतिस भट्टराई)

Dalit is the term used to identify the group of people who are unlawfully being considered lower class or untouchable in the Hindu society. They account almost 3 million or 12. 82 % of total population of Nepal.

Nepal Government defines Dalits as :- "Castes and communities which are suffering racial discrimination and considered untouchable according to 'Hindu caste system' and 'Muluki Ain 1910 B.S.' (old penal code of Nepal) and who are backward from mainstream on social, economic, political, educational and religious terms."

"हिन्दू वर्णा श्रम जाति व्यवस्था, वि.सं. १९१० को मुलुकी ऐनबाट पानी नचल्ने र छोइछिटो हाल्नु पर्ने जातजाति भनी जातीय भेदभाव एवं समाजमा अछुत मानिएका र सामाजिक, आर्थिक, राजनैतिक, शैक्षिक तथा धार्मिकरुपमा राज्यको मूलप्रवाहबाट पछाडि पारिएका जातजातिका समुदायलाई दलित वर्ग भनी परिभाषित गरिएको छ।"

In Nepal, Dalits are categorized as Pahadi Dallit (Hill dalit) and Tarai Dalit. This is the list of surnames considered as Dalit by Government of Nepal.

 A) Hill Dalit ( पहाडे मूल ) 

1. Bishwokarma (Kami, Lohar, Sunar, Od, Chunanra, Parki, Tamata)
 विश्वकर्मा (कामी, लोहार, सुनार, ओड, चुनँरा, पार्की, टमटा)
People traditionally involved in iron related works.
2011 population: 12,58,554 (4.75%)

2. Pariyar (Damai, Dargee, Suchikar, Nagarchee, Dholee, Hudke)
परियार (दमाई, दर्जी, सुचिकार, नगर्ची, ढोली, हुड्के)
People traditionally involved in tailoring business.
2011 population: 472,862 (1.78%)

3. Mijar (Sarki, Charmakar, Bhool)
मिजार - (सार्की, चर्मकार, भूल)
People traditionally involved in leather, shoe related works.
2011 population: 374,816 (1.41%)

4. Badi (बादी)
2011 population : 38,603

5. Gandharba (Gaine) गर्न्धर्व (गाइने)
People involved in traditional music sector.
2011 population: 6,791

6. Pode (Deula,Pujari,Jalari)
पोडे (देउला, पूजारी, जलारी)
People belong to Newar racial group

7. Chyame (Kuchikar,Chyamkhal)
च्यामे (कुचीकार, च्याम्खल)
People traditionally involved in cleaning works.
People belong to Newar racial group.

(Khas-Dalit are the Hills Dalit people belonging to Khas ethnicity. They are: Pariyar, Bishwokarma, Mijar, Gandarbha and Badi peple. Their population in 2011 census was 21,51,626 which is 8.12% of total population of Nepal.)

(Non-Khas dalit are dalit people from Newari and Madheshi communities. They are : Pode, Chyame, and all of the below list-B) 

 B) Terai Dalit (मधेशी मूल)

1. Chamar (Ram, Mochi, Harijan, Ravidas) चमार (राम, मोची, हरिजन रविदास) (335,893) (Chamar is very large community in India with above 4.8 crore population incl UP almost 2 crore)
2. Musahar (मुसहर) (234,490) (Around 28 Lakhs in India mostly in Bihar and UP)
3. Dushadh (Paswan, Hajara)  दुसाध (पासवान हजरा) // Pasi (पासी) (208,910) (40 lakhs in India)
4. Dhobi (Rajak) Hindu धोवी (रजक- हिन्दु) (109,079) (In India about 1 crore 24 lakhs)
5. Tatma (Tanti, Das) (तत्मा/तत्वा - ताँती, दास) (104,865)
6. Khatwe (Mandal, Khang) (खत्वे- मण्डल, खङ्ग) (100,921)
7. Bantar (बाँतर/सर्दार) (55,104) (Bantar in India accounts almost 127,000 mostly living in Bihar)
8. Dom (Marik) (डोम-मरिक) (13,268)
9. Kori (कोरी) (12,276)
10. Mestar (Halkhor) (मेस्तर -हल्खोर) (4,003)
11. Sarbhang (Sarbariya) सरभङ्ग (सरवरिया) (4,906)
12. Natuwa (नटुवा) (3,062)
13. Dharikar/ Dhankar (धरिकर/ धन्कार) (2,681)
14. Dhandi (ढाँडी)  (1,982)
15. Chidimar (चिडिमार) (1,254)
16. Kalar (कलर) (1,077)
17. Kakaihiya (ककैहिया)   non
18. Khatik (खटिक)    non

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गोत्र को बारेमा जानकारी---

                       

Dashnami Sanyasi        (सतिस भट्टराई)

Dashnami Sanyasi (दशनामी सन्यासी) are one of the Hindu religious cultural group. One portion of Sanyasi people live in Nepal too. Literally Dash (दश) means Ten in Nepali language. Dashnami includes people having 10 last names (Surnames).

It is a Hindu monastic tradition of Ekadandi sanyasis generally associated with the 'Advaita Vedanta' tradition. They are distinct in their practices from the Saiva sanyasi (Tridandi) and from Vaisnav sanyasi. The Tridandi sanyasi continue to wear Janai (the sacred thread  accross the shoulder) after renunciation, while Ekadandi sanyasi do not. Any Hindu, irrespective of class, caste, age or gender can seek sanyas (सन्यास / Renunciation) as an Ekadandi monk under the Dasnami tradition.

Sri Adi Shankaracharya (788-820 AD) organized a part of the Ekadandi monks under an umbrella grouping of ten names to provide an organized base for the growth of Hinduism. Later on these 10 groups became 10 surnames. But today many of these branch are different and not in control of Shankara Math. Some of the branch started their own tradition and beliefs during centuries.

10 Surnames of Dasnami in are :-

Giri (गिरी) (Peak of mountain)

Puri (पुरी) (A town)

Bharathi (भारती) (the Goddess of speech)

Ban or Van (बन)   (the forest)

Tirtha (तिर्थ) (A shrine or pilgrimage)

Parvat (पर्वत) (a mountain)

Sagar (सागर) (the ocean)

Saraswati (सरस्वती) (the Goddess of learning)

Aashram (आश्रम)  (Hermitage)

Aranya (आरन्य) (forest) 

Background======================================

Vedanta  (वेदान्त) or Utter Mimamsa is one major school of thought in Hinduism. Prasthanatrayi (प्रस्थानत्रयी),  the three basic texts of Hindu philosophy, Upanishads (उपनिषदः), Brahma Sutras (ब्रह्म सूत्र) and Bhagavad Gita (श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता) are the basis of Vedanta tradition. There are at least 10 sub-school of thoughts in Vedanta tradition, of which Advaita Vedanta is one and well known.

Adi Shankaracharya (788-820 AD) is the key figure in Advaita Vedanta tradition though it was initiated way before (before 400 AD). He systematized the works of preceding philosophers. He brought all the Vedic communities together. He synthesized and rejuvenated the doctrine of Advaita.

Adi Shankaracharya established the Dashanami Sampradaya, organizing a section of the Ekadandi monks under an umbrella grouping of ten names. Several other Hindu monastic and Ekadandi traditions remained outside the organisation of the Dasanamis. He organized the Hindu monastics of these ten sects under four maṭhas (मठ). Each maṭha was headed by one of his four main disciples, who each continues the Vedanta Sampradaya. All the 10 sects ware assigned to the respective different maths, though anyone of the sects could join any other different math.

1. Govardhana matha or Jagannatha Puri in the esat  (Puri, Odisha, India) WS
     - Ban (बन), Aranya (आरन्य) 

2. Dvaraka Pitha in the west (Dwarka, Gujarat, India)
     - Tirtha (तिर्थ), Aashram (आश्रम) 

3. Jyotirmath Pitha in the north (near Badrinath, Uttarakhand, India)
     - Giri (गिरी), Parvat (पर्वत), Sagar (सागर)

4. Sringeri Sharada Peetha in the south (Chikkamagalur district, Karnataka, India) WS
     - Puri (पुरी), Saraswati (सरस्वती), Bharathi (भारती)

Gotras of Dashnami===============================

Puri, Saraswati, Bharati :Bhaveswa
Tirtha, Ashram :Adhigata
Ban, Aranya :Kashyap
Giri, Parvat, Sagar :Bhrigu

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गोत्र को बारेमा जानकारी

                                    

                                 

  Gotra    (सतिस भट्टराई)

Gotra is the clan system. Generally its the group of people of several generations who are the descendants  of a unbroken male line from a common male ancestor.

At the birth, children get gotra from their father. But a girl gets transfer to her husband's gotra after her marriage. We can also see some rare examples of people changing their gotra doing some rituals. It is said that the great king of Nepal Prithibhi Narayan Shah(1723-75) went to Banaras, India and changed his Gotra from 'Bharadwaj' to 'Kasyap' to remain free from the sin of ‘Gotra Hatya’(killing of own clan) during unification of Nepal.

There are main 8 gotras evolved from the Rishis (sage) who were mind-born sons of Bramha, one of the Hindu Trinity. They are Saptarishis (सप्तऋषि, the famous 7 sages) - Kashyapa, Atri, Vashista, Vishwamitra, Gautama, Jamadagni, Bharadvaja and 8th is Agastya[1][2]. There are 49 established Hindu gotras today[3] all of which are itself or evolved from those earlier eight gotras. Some sources say that there are 284 khas surnames today.

Sagotri (सगोत्री) are the people having same gotra. Like other Hindu communities, in Nepal too , marriage with sagotri is socially unacceptable. In past, marriage with the sagotri of up to three generations of mother side was also unacceptable. But in present day, there is a saying  in Nepali "budamawaliko ghar jogaunu-mawali ko thar jogaunu" means "Avoid marriage with the family member of maternal great-grand parents - Avoid marriage with anybody having same last name of maternal grand parents".

As education, awareness and desire to reform the system increases, today we can also see many cases of marrying with sagotri fighting with the society. But there is always a debate whether marrying with sagotri is good or bad not only on traditional basis but also on scientific basis.

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List of Some popular gotras and Nepali surnames belonging to it:-

Agasti (अगस्ती) : Dhungel

Angira (अंगिरा) : Joshi, Sedai, Saunak, Shahi

Atri (अत्रि) : Adhikari, Arjel/Arjyal, Bam (Raakse Thakuri), Bhatta (Pashupat), Chapagai, Gotame, Khatiwoda, Mishra, Ojha, Wosti

Aatreya (आत्रेय) : Aryal, Bhatta (Duwadi), Devkota, Dawadi, Dulal, Kalikote (Khadka), Paudel, Pokharel (Pani), Rosyara, Sharma, Sigdel, Thapa (Bagale)

Bharadwaaj (भरद्वाज) : Adhikari, Bhatta (Palyal), Chaulagai, Devkota, Jamarkattel, Lohani, Niraula, Panthi, Pandey (Kuleta), Panta, Pokharel (Dudh), Shahi, Siwakoti / Shiwakoti, Subedi, Thami (Adhikari), Thapaliya, Upadhaya, Wagle, [Bhandari (Niraula, Suntakhane)]

Dhananjaya (धनञ्जय) : Basel/ Batsayal, Basnet, Bhusal, Budhathoki (Khulal), Dhamala, Gauripitri/ Gairipippli, Guragai, Humagai, Karki (Khulal), Khadka (Khulal), Kukurkote, Kunwar, Pangeni, Rijal, Thapa, [Bhandari (Bhusal)]

Garg (गर्ग) : Bastola, Bhatta (Lamichhane), Bhetuwal, Bhurtel, Chudal, Gajurel, Khetan, Thapa (Lamichhane), Rokaha, Rishal, Shah (Kaskeli Khand)

Gautam (गौतम) : Chanda, Bam (Thakuri), Dangal, Pandey (Paleu), Tripathi, Tiwari

Ghrita Kaushik (घृत कौशिक)  : Baral, Karki (Sutar), Khanal, Nepal, Pandit

Kapil (कपिल) : Khati, Daani

Kashyap (कश्यप) : Adhikari (Bhadare, Khilchine and Kaubali), Badaal, Bhatta (Kalauni, Mushyal), Bogati, Budhathoki (Sodari), Darji, Gadtaula, Gartaula, Ghimire, Hada, Kathayat, Kumal, Kumbhairana, Pade, Pandey (Badkhora, Badaal, Bhumihar, Simaaldiya), Rayamajhi, Shah (Thakuri), Sahi, Thapa (Godar), Tiwari

Kaudinya (कौण्डिन्य) : Achraya, Baskota, Bhandari (Kaala), Gaagle, Joshi, Khadka, Kharel, Marashini, Neupane, Pakurel, Paneru, Pathak, Parajuli, Sapkota, Satyal, Thapa (Bagale and Gamle), Trital

Kausalya (कौसल्य) : Pathak, Thami (Chhettri)

Kausik (कौशिक) : Bam (Chhatyal Thakuri), Baniya, Bastakoti, Bhandari (Aachhami), Bidari, Dhital, Dhungana, Gaudel, Khadka, Khapatari (Khadka, Bistha, Budhathoki and Basnet), Lamichhane, Luitel, Majhi, Pathak, Phuyal, Pudasaini, Raghubansi, Regmi, Rimal, Sanjel, Shahi (Sijapati), Tiwari, Thami

Kundin (कुण्डिन) : Trital, Banjad/ Banjade

Mandabya (माण्डव्य) : Bajagai, Bajhai, Gyawali, Katuwal, Maskey, Panthi [Bhandari (Bajgain)]

Maudagalya (मौद्गल्य) : Belkadhi, Karki (Mudula), Koirala, Kuinkel, Rume, Simkhada, Timsina/ Timilsina, Upreti

Parasar (परासर) : Dhimal (khas), Karki (Lama) , Kattel, Marhattha

Ravi (रवि) : Shah (Kalyaal Thakuri)

Sankhyayan (सङ्ख्यायन) : Pandey (Desh)

Shandilya (शाण्डिल्य) : Kafle/ Kaphle, Pathak, Prasai, Tiwari

Upamanyu (उपमन्यु) : Bartaula, Bhatta (Duwal), Dhakal, Mainali, Pathak

Vishwamitra (विश्वमित्र) : Bhatta (Alina, Dumadi, Nirbansi, Rai and Rayal)

Vatsa (वत्स) : Bhatta (Naagar), Dahal, Dayal, Kuwar, Kharaal, Lamsal, Rana, Rupakheti

Vashishta (वशिष्ठ) : Bhandari (Thansinghe),  Bhatta (Tapleli),Bhattarai, Chalise, Dawadi, Gaire, Gamnage, Kharel, Mudabhari, Pathak, Raut, Suyal (Garthi), Suyal (Thapa), Thangsine

Gotra of Dashnami Sanyasi======

Bhaveswa : Puri, Saraswati, Bharati
Adhigata : Tirtha, Ashram
Kashyap : Ban, Aranya
Bhrigu : Giri Parvat. Sagar

------------------------------------

MORE HERE : - 

• Exceptions  in Gotra System
• List of Newar Surnames
• Dalit in Nepal
• Dashnami Sanyasi

Note:
- If u don't find any surname or gotra in the list please ask in comment.
  i will update as soon as possible.